
PUBLICATIONS
In this study, Master student Will Sweet explored how multiple Neotropical bird families independently evolved the remarkable habit of following army ants to catch fleeing insects.
By analyzing evolutionary patterns across lineages, we found that this specialized foraging strategy evolved repeatedly and once gained, it was never lost.
It’s a fascinating story of convergence, specialization, and birds that quite literally make a living by following the swarm! Now we are really evolutionary biologists !.
Thanks to our collaborators Juan Pablo Gomez, Henry Pollock and our postdoc Justin Baldwin for the team effort and Micah Riegner for the beautiful artwork that made the cover .

Repeated, irreversible evolution of ant-following behavior across Neotropical avian families.
Sweet, W., Baldwin, J., Gomez, J. P., Pollock, H., & Martínez, A. E. (2026). Repeated, irreversible evolution of ant-following behavior across Neotropical avian families. Evolution, 80(1), 180–190. https://doi.org/10.1093/evolut/qpaf214
Commentary by: Lagos-Oviedo, J. J. (2025). Digest: Evolution of specialized ant-following behavior across Neotropical birds. Evolution. https://doi.org/10.1093/evolut/qpaf266
Ewing, B., Wood, E. M., & Martínez, A. (2025). Evaluating biotic and abiotic drivers of avian community mobbing responses along urban gradients in Southern California. Ecosphere, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70132
Martínez, A., Zhou, L., Si, X., Ding, P., & Goodale, E. (2024). Island biogeography of mixed‐species bird flocks: A gregarious nuclear species influences island area effects. Journal of Biogeography, 51(9), 1670–1678. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.14757
Martínez, A.E., X. Si, L Zou, D Zeng, P Deng, and E. Goodale. (accepted). Interspecific sociality alters the colonization and extinction rates of island birds. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society.
Parra, E., M. Riegner, J.N. Novoa, and A.E. Martínez. 2019. Observations of Rufous-vented Ground Cuckoos (Neomorphus geoffroyi) Associating with mixed-species flocks. Cotinga. 41:94-97.
Martínez, A.E., and J.P. Gomez. 2013. Are mixed-species bird flocks stable through two decades? American Naturalist. 181(3):E53-E59.
Martínez, A.E., and R.T. Zenil. 2012. Foraging guild influences dependence on heterospecific alarm calls in Amazonian bird flocks. Behavioral Ecology 23:544-550.
Steadman, D.W, J.R. Montambault, S.K. Robinson, S.J. Oswalt, T.J. Brandeis, G.Londono, M.J. Reetz, W.M. Schelsky, N.A. Wright, J.P. Hoover, J.J. Jankowski, A. W. Kratter, A.E. Martínez, and J. Smith. 2009. Relative abundance, habitat use, and long-term population changes of wintering and resident landbirds on St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands. The Wilson Journal of Ornithology 121(1):41-53.
Martínez, A.E, D. Aranibar, E.G. Guitierrez. 2006. An assessment of the distribution and abundance of the Titicaca flightless grebe, Rollandia microptera, on lake Titicaca and an evaluation of its conservation status. Bird Conservation International 16(3):237-251.
Osenberg, C.W., C. J. F. Huckins, T. Kaltenberg, A.E. Martínez. 2004. Resolving within- and between-population variation in feeding ecology with a biomechanical model. Oecologia 141:57-65.
In Review
Fernández-Arellano G.J., V. Aguiar de Souza Penha, C.L. Rutt, A.E. Martínez. Participation in avian mixed-species flocks influences foraging and vigilance behavior in two species of Neotropical woodcreepers. Ornitología Neotropical.